CBSE Class 11th Conservation Of Momentum Details & Preparations Downloads

The principle of conservation of momentum is a fundamental concept in physics that plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of objects in motion. Momentum is a vector quantity defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity.

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What is Conservation Of Momentum?

The conservation of momentum is a fundamental principle in physics that states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it. Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, and it is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.

The conservation of momentum can be expressed mathematically as follows:

Total momentum before an event=Total momentum after the event

The conservation of momentum is based on Newton's third law of motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite, and as a result, their individual momentum changes, but the total momentum of the system remains constant.

Example of Conservation of Momentum:

Conservation of Linear Momentum

The conservation of linear momentum is a fundamental principle in physics that states that the total linear momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it. In other words, if a system of objects interacts only with each other (with no external forces like friction or air resistance), the total momentum before a collision or interaction is equal to the total momentum after the collision or interaction.

                                                 p = mv

            Initial total momentum=Final total momentum

If you have a system of two objects colliding or interacting, the conservation of linear momentum equation can be written as.

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Derivation of Conservation of Momentum

Newton’s third law states that for a force applied by an object A on object B, object B exerts back an equal force in magnitude, but opposite in direction. This idea was used by Newton to derive the law of conservation of momentum.

Consider two colliding particles A and B whose masses are m1 and m2 with initial and final velocities as u1 and v1 of A and u2 and v2 of B. The time of contact between two particles is given as t.

A=m1(v1-u1)

(change in momentum of particle A) 

B=m2(v2-u2)

(change in momentum of particle B) 

FBA=-FAB

 (from third law of motion) 

FBA=m2*a2 = m2(v2-u2)/t

 FAB=m1*a1= m1v1-u1)/t 

m2(v2-u2)/t = -m1(v1-u1)/t

m1u1+m2u2=m1v1+m2v2

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SAMPLE PRACTICE QUESTIONS OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES :

Q1. What is Conservation of Momentum?

Answer: Conservation of momentum is a fundamental principle in physics that states the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant if no external forces act on it.

Q2. How is Momentum Defined?

Answer: Momentum (p) is the product of an object's mass (m) and its velocity (v): =p=m⋅v.

Q3. Is Momentum a Vector or Scalar Quantity?

Answer: Momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. The direction is the same as the direction of the velocity.

Q4. When Does Conservation of Momentum Apply?

Answer: Conservation of momentum applies to closed or isolated systems, where no external forces (like friction or external pushes) act on the system.

Q5. Does Conservation of Momentum Apply to Collisions Only?

Answer: No, conservation of momentum applies to any situation where no external forces act on a system. This includes collisions, explosions, and interactions between objects.

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