SAT Math Formula Sheet: Every Formula You Need

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If you’re prepping for the SAT, the real question isn’t “How many formulas exist?”
It’s: Which formulas are provided on test day, and which ones must be automatic in your head?

The College Board provides a reference sheet at the start of the Math section (digital and paper). But many high-frequency formulas are not given, and those are the ones that usually cost points when students freeze.

This guide organizes every SAT math formula you need, split into:

• Given on the official sheet (You can look up)
• Not given (You must know instantly)
• Extra “rules” that act like formulas (Exponents, radicals, percent setups)

How Do I Get the SAT Math Formula Sheet PDF for the 2026 Digital SAT?

Download SAT Math Formula Sheet

Tip: Use the formula sheet for daily recall, the cheat sheet for last-minute review, and the workbook to train formula application with real SAT-style questions.

What’s On the Official SAT Math Reference Sheet

The official SAT Math reference sheet gives you the core geometry formulas you’re allowed to look up during the test circle area/circumference, rectangle and triangle area, the Pythagorean Theorem, and special right triangle ratios. It also includes key volume formulas (prism, cylinder, sphere, cone, pyramid) plus quick facts like 360° in a circle, 2π2\pi2π radians, and 180° as the sum of a triangle’s angles.

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Download SAT Prep Guide E-Book For Students:

The biggest challenge in SAT prep isn’t effort-it’s direction. This free SAT Prep Guide gives students a clear, structured roadmap for the Digital SAT. It explains priority topics, effective practice methods, timing strategies, and common mistakes that impact scores. Designed for U.S. high school students and Indian NRI families following U.S. admission timelines, this guide helps students prepare efficiently while balancing schoolwork and AP coursework.

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Essential SAT Math Formulas You Should Memorize

The Digital SAT provides a limited reference sheet, but most formulas must be known by memory. Below are the must-know SAT Math formulas, written in TeX format for clarity and reuse.

Download SAT Math Formula Sheet

What Formulas Are Covered in the PDF?

Our SAT Math Formula Sheet PDF (Given vs Not Given) includes every high-frequency formula and “setup rule” students actually use on test day organized for fast recall and quick revision.

1) Official Reference Sheet Formulas

• Circle area and circumference
• Rectangle and triangle area
• Pythagorean Theorem
• Special right triangle ratios (30–60–90 and 45–45–90)
• Volume formulas (prism, cylinder, cone, sphere, pyramid)
• Angle facts (360° in a circle, 2π2\pi2π radians, triangle angle sum 180°)

2) Coordinate Geometry

• Slope and rate of change
• Linear forms: slope-intercept and point-slope
• Midpoint and distance formula
• Quick graph interpretation triggers (rise/run, intercept meaning)

3) Quadratics & Functions

• Quadratic formula and discriminant meaning
• Vertex form and transformations
• Completing the square pattern
• Sum and product of roots
• Function shifts and reflections

4) Exponents & Radicals

• Core exponent laws (multiply/divide powers, power of a power, negative exponents)
• Radical simplification rules and common traps
• Absolute value identity for square roots

5) Percent, Ratios, and Proportions

• Part-percent-whole setup
• Percent change formula
• Proportions and cross multiplication
• Mean and weighted average
• Unit rate and scaling logic

6) Word-Problem Shortcuts

• Rate-time-distance
• Average speed
• Work-rate shortcut (when applicable)
• Density
• Unit conversion factor method

7) Geometry Extras

• Arc length and sector area
• Polygon interior angle sum
• Rectangle diagonal
• Similarity rules and triangle inequality

8) Trigonometry Basics

• SOHCAHTOA
• Complementary angle identities

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How Should Students Use This Formula Sheet?

Why Are Formula Sheets Important for SAT Math?

SAT Math is not a “memorization test” it’s a speed + decision test. Students usually lose points because they:

• Forget a non-given formula under pressure
• Choose the wrong setup (percent, slope, distance, quadratic)
• Waste time re-deriving formulas

A formula sheet helps you:

• Do a quick daily recall routine
• Identify weak formula zones early
• Reduce silly errors and second-guessing
• Keep all must-know setups in one place

What Is the Topic Weightage for SAT Math?

SAT Math is split into broad skill domains. Exact distribution varies by test, but this table reflects how questions commonly cluster.

SAT Online Prep Course Details  

Note: Digital SAT Math is heavily driven by algebra + functions + data analysis, with geometry appearing as targeted applications.

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