AP Physics can be challenging because it combines conceptual reasoning, calculations, and real-world applications . Whether you’re preparing for AP Physics 1, AP Physics 2, or Physics C , TestprepKart’s AP Physics Study Guide helps you focus on high-yield topics, understand past trends, and master FRQs efficiently .
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Year-wise FRQ breakdown
Topic frequency and key trends
Step-by-step solutions
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Year-by-Year FRQ Analysis
AP Physics 1 (Algebra-Based, 2021–2025)
Year Question Focus Key Topics Notes / High-Yield Areas 2021 Mechanics & Kinematics Motion in 1D/2D, Newton’s laws, Vectors, Projectile motion Strong focus on motion analysis and graphs 2022 Dynamics & Forces Newton’s laws, Friction, Circular motion, Inclined planes Frequently tested for diagram interpretation 2023 Work, Energy & Power Work-energy theorem, Kinetic & potential energy Conceptual and computational reasoning 2024 Momentum & Collisions Linear momentum, Impulse, Elastic/inelastic collisions Emphasis on both calculation and explanation 2025 Rotational Motion & Oscillations Torque, Rotational inertia, Angular acceleration, Pendulums Focus on rotational dynamics and SHM
AP Physics 2 (Algebra-Based, 2021–2025)
Year Question Focus Key Topics Notes / High-Yield Areas 2021 Electricity & Circuits Ohm’s law, Series/parallel circuits, RC circuits Core topic; calculations dominate 2022 Fluids & Thermodynamics Density, Pressure, Buoyancy, Ideal gas law, Heat transfer Often integrated with energy problems 2023 Magnetism & Electromagnetism Magnetic fields, Force on charges, Faraday’s law Conceptual reasoning tested 2024 Optics & Waves Reflection, Refraction, Interference, Diffraction Ray diagrams and wave behavior 2025 Modern Physics & Thermal Physics Radioactivity, Photoelectric effect, Heat engines Mix of thermodynamics and modern physics
Physics C: Mechanics (2021–2025)
Year Question Focus Key Topics Notes / High-Yield Areas 2021 Kinematics & Motion 1D/2D motion, Projectile motion Motion-based scenarios dominate FRQs 2022 Forces & Newton’s Laws Friction, Tension, Circular motion Multiple questions on forces 2023 Work, Energy & Power Work-energy theorem, Conservation of energy Computation and conceptual understanding 2024 Momentum & Collisions Linear momentum, Impulse, Elastic/inelastic collisions Conceptual and numerical problems 2025 Rotational Motion & Oscillations Torque, Angular acceleration, Pendulums Rotational dynamics and SHM heavily emphasized
Physics C: Electricity & Magnetism (2021–2025)
Year Question Focus Key Topics Notes / High-Yield Areas 2021 Electrostatics Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, Electric field Core topic; vector analysis required 2022 DC Circuits Ohm’s law, Series & parallel, Kirchhoff’s laws Consistently tested 2023 Magnetism & Magnetic Forces Force on charges, Biot-Savart, Ampère’s law Conceptual and computational 2024 Electromagnetic Induction Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, Induced EMF Graph interpretation common 2025 Capacitance & Advanced Circuits Capacitors, Energy storage, RC circuits Applied energy and circuit problems
Key Trends in AP Physics FRQs
Mechanics topics dominate AP Physics 1 & Physics C : Motion, forces, energy, momentum, rotational dynamics.
Electricity & Circuits are high-yield for Physics 2 and Physics C: E&M.
Graphs and data interpretation are consistently tested across all courses.
Experimental design questions appear in Physics 1 & 2; students must identify variables and controls.
Conceptual reasoning is essential—explain, interpret, and apply formulas, don’t just calculate.
Common FRQ Types Across AP Physics
Computational: Solve problems using Newton’s laws, energy, momentum, circuits, magnetism.
Conceptual Reasoning: Explain phenomena and predict outcomes.
Graph & Data Interpretation: Motion graphs, PV diagrams, energy plots.
Experimental Design / Applications: Design experiments, identify variables, and critique setups.
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