CBSE Class 10th Properties and Uses of Sodium Hydroxide Details & Preparations Downloads
Welcome to the realm of scientific exploration with our comprehensive guide on the "Properties and Uses of Sodium Hydroxide." In collaboration with CBSE NCERT, this resource serves as a gateway to understanding the intricate details of sodium hydroxide, a chemical compound that plays a pivotal role in various industries. Join us on this educational journey as we delve into the properties and applications of sodium hydroxide, offering valuable insights for students and enthusiasts alike. Ready to unlock the secrets? Let's embark on this enlightening exploration together. CBSE NCERT download awaits!
Unlocking Knowledge: CBSE NCERT Download - Exploring the Properties and Uses of Sodium Hydroxide
Properties of Sodium Hydroxide
1. Chemical Formula:
Sodium hydroxide is represented by the chemical formula NaOH, indicating that it consists of one sodium (Na) atom, one oxygen (O) atom, and one hydrogen (H) atom.
2. Physical State:
At room temperature, sodium hydroxide exists as a white, opaque, and odorless solid. It easily absorbs moisture from the air, making it highly hygroscopic.
3. Solubility:
Sodium hydroxide is highly soluble in water, producing a strongly alkaline solution. This solution is commonly referred to as sodium hydroxide or caustic soda solution.
4. Corrosive Nature:
One of the distinctive properties of sodium hydroxide is its corrosive nature. It can cause severe burns upon contact with the skin and eyes. Therefore, handling it requires utmost care.
Uses of Sodium Hydroxide
1. Chemical Manufacturing:
Sodium hydroxide is a fundamental ingredient in the production of various chemicals. It is used in the manufacturing of soap, detergents, and textiles.
2. Food Industry:
In the food industry, sodium hydroxide is employed in processes such as peeling fruits and vegetables and in the preparation of certain types of food. It helps adjust the acidity levels in food processing.
3. Paper Production:
The pulp and paper industry extensively uses sodium hydroxide in the process of delignification, which separates cellulose fibers from lignin, a component of wood.
4. Water Treatment:
Sodium hydroxide is utilized in water treatment plants to adjust the pH levels of water. It helps neutralize acidic water and facilitates the removal of impurities.
5. Aluminum Production:
The production of aluminum involves the use of sodium hydroxide in refining bauxite ore. It helps dissolve and extract alumina, a precursor to aluminum.
Reactions of Sodium Hydroxide
With Acids
When sodium hydroxide is reacted with an acid (protic acids) it forms pure water and salts.
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
With Metals and Oxides
Sodium hydroxide can react with metals at high temperatures to form metal oxides. At temperatures above 500 °C, iron can react endothermically with sodium hydroxide to form iron(III) oxide, sodium metal, and hydrogen gas.
4 Fe + 6 NaOH → 2 Fe2O3 + 6 Na + 3 H2
However, some transition metals tend to react vigorously with NaOH. For example, aluminum can be used to precipitate transition metal hydroxides.
With Acidic Oxides
Sodium hydroxide can also react with acidic oxides. In such reactions, harmful acidic gases are purified. For example, the reaction with sulfur dioxide is given below.
2NaOH + SO2 → Na2SO3 + H2O
Sodium Hydroxide Uses
NaOH is a chemical compound that is used in many instances. Some of its common uses are listed below.
- Production of soaps.
- Pulp for paper.
- Is an important laboratory chemical.
- Used in the production of various other chemicals.
- Textile industry.
- Water treatment (converting hard to soft water).
- Making of glass.
- Sodium hydroxide is used to precipitate transition metal hydroxides.
- Sodium hydroxide is also used for the base-driven hydrolysis of esters (as in saponification), amides, and alkyl halides.
Health Effects and Safety Hazards
- Sodium hydroxide is a powerful and extremely corrosive alkali which decomposes living tissues.
- Eye contact with NaOH can cause permanent blindness
- Skin contact with NaOH is a reason for severe chemical burns
- Sodium hydroxide solvation is highly exothermic and can cause splashing to burn.
When handling sodium hydroxide for use, especially bulk volumes, it should be stored carefully given the chemical’s burn hazard. Sodium hydroxide can be stored in bottles for small-scale laboratory use. For use in cargo handling and transport, it should be stored in intermediate bulk containers (medium volume containers). In manufacturing or wastewater plants, NaOH should be stored in large stationary storage tanks with volumes up to 100,000 gallons.
CBSE Class 10th Downloadable Resources:
1. CBSE Class 10th Topic Wise Summary | View Page / Download |
2. CBSE Class 10th NCERT Books | View Page / Download |
3. CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solutions | View Page / Download |
4. CBSE Class 10th Exemplar | View Page / Download |
5. CBSE Class 10th Previous Year Papers | View Page / Download |
6. CBSE Class 10th Sample Papers | View Page / Download |
7. CBSE Class 10th Question Bank | View Page / Download |
8. CBSE Class 10th Topic Wise Revision Notes | View Page / Download |
9. CBSE Class 10th Last Minutes Preparation Resources (LMP) | View Page / Download |
10. CBSE Class 10th Best Reference Books | View Page / Download |
11. CBSE Class 10th Formula Booklet | View Page / Download |
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SAMPLE PRACTICE QUESTION
Q: 1 What is the chemical formula of sodium hydroxide?
Ans: The chemical formula of sodium hydroxide is NaOH, indicating one sodium (Na) atom, one oxygen (O) atom, and one hydrogen (H) atom.
Q:2 How does sodium hydroxide exist at room temperature?
Ans: Sodium hydroxide exists as a white, opaque, and odorless solid at room temperature. It is highly hygroscopic, meaning it easily absorbs moisture from the air.
Q:3 What is the solubility of sodium hydroxide?
Ans: Sodium hydroxide is highly soluble in water, producing a strongly alkaline solution known as sodium hydroxide or caustic soda solution.
Q:4 Why is sodium hydroxide considered corrosive?
Ans: Sodium hydroxide is corrosive due to its ability to cause severe burns upon contact with the skin and eyes. Handling it requires careful precautions.
Q:5 In which industries is sodium hydroxide used for chemical manufacturing?
Ans: Sodium hydroxide is a fundamental ingredient in the production of chemicals used in industries such as soap, detergents, and textiles.