CBSE Class 10th General Properties Details & Preparations Downloads
In the intricate tapestry of chemistry, acids, bases, and salts are key players, each with distinctive properties shaping their behavior. This blog will unravel the general properties that define and distinguish these essential substances.
Unlocking Chemistry Knowledge: CBSE NCERT Download for Exploring the General Properties of Acids, Bases, and Salts
Acids: The Proton Donors:
Acids, characterized by their ability to release H⁺ ions, exhibit unique traits. They impart a sour taste, turn blue litmus paper red, and react with metals, producing hydrogen gas. Understanding these properties deepens our grasp of acidic substances in daily life.
Bases: The Hydroxide Providers:
Bases, known for furnishing OH⁻ ions, showcase contrasting features. They possess a bitter taste, feel slippery, and turn red litmus paper blue. Exploring these characteristics sheds light on the diverse applications of basic substances, from household cleaners to antacids.
Salts: The Product of Neutrality:
Salts, formed through the neutralization of acids and bases, boast their own set of properties. They are often crystalline, water-soluble, and conductive in molten or aqueous states. Unraveling the general properties of salts enhances our understanding of their role in various industrial processes and biological systems.
Common Ground: pH and the Universal Indicator:
The pH scale, a universal measure of acidity and alkalinity, serves as a common ground for acids, bases, and salts. Exploring how these substances influence pH levels deepens our comprehension of their interplay in different environments.
Physical Properties of Acid
The word “acid” comes from the Latin word ‘acere’ which means sour. This distinguishable property helps identify acids from other compounds such as salt and bases. Many acids can be hazardous if ingested and shouldn’t be tasted.
Once the acid binds to the base, it becomes a neutral substance. Often this reaction can lead to water and salt. This is often seen when strong acids react with strong bases.
Acids in an aqueous solution produce hydrogen ions which are responsible for the conductivity of the solution. The acid that conducts electricity strongly is a strong acid, and the acid that conducts electricity weakly is a weak acid.
Chemical Properties of Acid and Bases
1. Reactions of Acids and Bases with Metals
When a metal reacts with an acid, it generally displaces hydrogen from the acids. This leads to the evolution of hydrogen gas. The metals combine with the remaining part of acids to form a salt. For example, the reaction of sulphuric acid with zinc.
Alkalis (bases that are soluble in water) react with metals to produce salt and hydrogen gas. For example, reaction of zinc with sodium hydroxide.
2. The Reaction of Metal Carbonates/Metal Bicarbonates with Acids
Metal carbonates/metal bicarbonates react with acids to produce salt, carbon dioxide and water. For example the reaction of sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate with hydrochloric acid.
3. The Reaction of Metal Oxide with Acids
Metal oxides react with acids to produce salt and water. For example reaction of copper oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid.
4. The Reaction of Non-metal Oxide with Bases
Non-metal oxides react with bases to produce salt and water. For example the reaction of carbon dioxide and lime water (calcium hydroxide)
5. The Reaction between Acids and Bases
Acids react with bases to produce salt and water. The reaction between acids and bases to give salts is known as neutralization reactions. For example the reaction of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid.
Neutralization of Acid and Base
The reaction between an acid and a base invariably gives salt and water and is called neutralization. In a neutralization reaction, one H+ ion of acid is neutralized by one OH– ion of the base. When all the H+ ions in the acidic solution are neutralized by the same number of OH– ions of the basic solution, it is called complete neutralization. The relative amounts of acid and base required for complete neutralization depend upon the total number of H+ and OH– ions produced by the respective acid and base.
CBSE Class 10th Downloadable Resources:
1. CBSE Class 10th Topic Wise Summary | View Page / Download |
2. CBSE Class 10th NCERT Books | View Page / Download |
3. CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solutions | View Page / Download |
4. CBSE Class 10th Exemplar | View Page / Download |
5. CBSE Class 10th Previous Year Papers | View Page / Download |
6. CBSE Class 10th Sample Papers | View Page / Download |
7. CBSE Class 10th Question Bank | View Page / Download |
8. CBSE Class 10th Topic Wise Revision Notes | View Page / Download |
9. CBSE Class 10th Last Minutes Preparation Resources (LMP) | View Page / Download |
10. CBSE Class 10th Best Reference Books | View Page / Download |
11. CBSE Class 10th Formula Booklet | View Page / Download |
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SAMPLE PRACTICE QUESTION
Q:1 What characterizes acids, and how do their properties differ from those of bases?
Ans: Acids release H⁺ ions, taste sour, turn blue litmus paper red, and react with metals. Bases, on the other hand, furnish OH⁻ ions, taste bitter, feel slippery, and turn red litmus paper blue.
Q:2 Can you explain the general properties of salts and how they are formed?
Ans: Salts are formed through the neutralization of acids and bases. They often exhibit crystalline structures, are water-soluble, and can conduct electricity in molten or aqueous states.
Q:3 How does the pH scale serve as a common ground for acids, bases, and salts?
Ans: The pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity universally. Acids have a pH below 7, bases have a pH above 7, and salts generally do not significantly affect pH.
Q:4 What are the real-world applications of acids in our daily lives?
Ans: Acids play a role in preserving food, cleaning solutions, and even in the tangy taste of various fruits. Their properties contribute to their diverse applications.
Q:5 In what ways do bases find practical use beyond their chemical properties?
Ans: Bases are utilized in cleaning products, antacids, and certain industrial processes. Their slippery feel and ability to neutralize acids make them versatile substances.
CBSE CLASS 10 Mathematics Chapters |
Chapter1: Real Numbers |
Chapter2: Polynomials |
Chapter3: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables |
Chapter4: Quadratic Equations |
Chapter5: Arithmetic Progressions |
Chapter6: Triangles |
Chapter7: Coordinate Geometry |
Chapter8: Introduction to Trigonometry |
Chapter9: Some Applications of Trigonometry |
Chapter10: Circles |
Chapter11: Areas Related to Circles |
Chapter12: Surface Areas and Volumes |
Chapter13: Statistics |
Chapter14: Probability |
CBSE CLASS 10 Science Chapters |
Chapter1: Chemical Reactions and Equations |
Chapter2: Acids, Bases and Salts |
Definition in Terms of Furnishing of H+ and OH- ions |
Examples and Uses |
Concept of pH Scale |
Properties and Uses of Sodium Hydroxide |
Chapter3: Metals and Non-metals |
Chapter4: Carbon and its Compounds |
Chapter5: Life Processes |
Chapter6: Control and Coordination |
Chapter7: How do Organisms Reproduce? |
Chapter8: Heredity |
Chapter9: Light – Reflection and Refraction |
Chapter10: The Human Eye and the Colourful World |
Chapter11: Electricity |
Chapter12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current |
Chapter13: Our Environment |
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