CBSE Class 11th Motion in a plane with constant acceleration Details & Preparations Downloads

by Abhinav Kapoor
by December,21,2023
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Motion in a plane with constant acceleration:

The study of motion is called mechanics. The study of motion has two parts: kinematics and dynamics. From kinematics, the equation of motion is obtained. A body under uniform acceleration is considered here. A body has two kinds of acceleration. One is the change in velocity, while the other is a change in direction. In this case, the acceleration is uniform and constant. This blog is about Motion in a Plane with constant acceleration wherein we will study Motion in a Plane, acceleration, constant acceleration, formula, and some sample problems.

Motion in a Plane

Motion in a Plane is the Motion in two dimensions that requires a two-coordinate system, such as an X-Y coordinate system. An instance of such movement is in the path of a projectile or circular motion.

A common example of motion in a plane is that of projectile motion. In terms of physics, an object in flight is said to be in uniform (unaccelerated) motion if the speed it’s traveling at is unchanging over time.

Acceleration

Acceleration is the rate of change of an object’s velocity. Acceleration can be either constant or varying over time and in the case of constant acceleration, its value is a combination of the net change in velocity and total time over which this occurred. It is also called average acceleration.

Constant acceleration

Constant acceleration is a type of acceleration in which the rate of change of velocity remains constant with time. In this case, if one were to graph the movement of an object, it would appear as a straight line. Since acceleration is a vector quantity and motion is always in a single direction, it does not matter whether speed or distance are used as the identification for a vector.

Also, since all vectors have magnitude (how much they move), it can be said that with constant acceleration, physical change isn’t gradually changing directions but rather “speeding up or slowing down while keeping in the same direction indefinitely.”

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Constant acceleration formula or equations:

Keeping the value of acceleration constant, the equation of motion can be described. Let’s say the original haste of an object was “ u”, now a constant force is applied which causes the body to move with constant acceleration “ a” and the body reaches the haste in time “ t” while covering the distance “ s”.

First Equation of Motion

In the case of constant acceleration, its value is given by,

v = u + at

Second Equation of Motion

Instantaneous velocity is given by,

v =ds/dt

This equation can be rearranged in the following form,

ds = v*dt

Substituting the value of velocity we get,

ds = (u+at)dt

Integrating both sides we will get,

s = ut + 1/ 2 at2

Third Equation of Motion

Instantaneous acceleration and instantaneous velocity is given by,

a = dv/dt

v = ds/dt

Cross multiplying both of these equations we will get,

adsdt = v dvdt

a ds = v dv

After integration we will get

a s = v2 – u22

v2 = u2 + 2as

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SAMPLE PRACTICE QUESTIONS OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES :

Q1. What is Motion in a Plane with Constant Acceleration?

Answer: Motion in a plane with constant acceleration refers to the movement of an object in a two-dimensional space where its acceleration remains constant. This scenario is often analyzed using kinematic equations to describe the object's position, velocity, and acceleration.

Q2. How is Motion in a Plane Different from Motion in a Straight Line?

Answer: Motion in a plane involves movement along two perpendicular axes (x and y), introducing the concept of vectors. In contrast, motion in a straight line occurs along a single axis (typically x), simplifying the analysis.

Q3. What Are the Key Variables in Describing Motion in a Plane?

Answer: The key variables include position (r), velocity (v), and acceleration (a), each having components in both the x and y directions.

Q4. How are Position and Displacement Related in Two Dimensions?

Answer: Displacement in two dimensions is a vector quantity represented by Δr, the change in position vector r. It is the straight-line path between the initial and final positions.

Q5. Can the Equations of Motion in a Plane be Applied to Projectile Motion?

Answer: Yes, the equations of motion in a plane are commonly applied to analyze projectile motion. Projectile motion involves both horizontal and vertical components of motion under the influence of gravity.