Free [PDF] Modern ABC of Chemistry 11th & 12th Vol 1, 2 Download

Some Basic Concepts Of Chemistry

2. Structure Of Atom

3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity

Modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table

Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100

4. Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure

S, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules

5. States Of Matter

Role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule

Kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea)

6. Thermodynamics

Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy,

Gibb’s energy change for spontaneous and non- spontaneous processes

7. Equilibrium

8. Redox Reactions

Balancing redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number

9. Hydrogen

Hydrogen peroxide – preparation, reactions and structure and use

10. The s -Block Elements

Group 1 and Group 2 Elements General introduction

Occurrence, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, Trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii)

Trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens, uses.

Preparation and Properties of Some Important Compounds:

11. The p -Block Elements

Borax, Boric acid, Boron Hydrides, Aluminium: Reactions with acids and alkalis,

Silicon Tetrachloride, Silicones, Silicates and Zeolites, their uses

12. Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles And Techniques

Classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds

Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation.

Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles

13. Hydrocarbons

Alkanes – Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.

Alkenes – Nomenclature, Structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.

Alkynes – Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of – hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.

Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Crafts alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted benzene. Carcinogenicity and toxicity.

Environmental pollution – air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smog, major atmospheric pollutants, acid rain, ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and global warming – pollution due to industrial wastes, green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategies for control of environmental pollution.