CBSE Class 11th Newton’s first law of motion Details & Preparations Downloads
In the vast expanse of the cosmos, where planets orbit and objects move with purpose, Sir Isaac Newton's laws stand as guiding beacons illuminating the path of celestial bodies and everyday phenomena. Among these, Newton's First Law of Motion, often called the Law of Inertia, is the cornerstone upon which the edifice of classical mechanics is built.
What Is Newton’s First Law of Motion?
Newton's First Law of Motion, also known as the Law of Inertia, states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move with a constant velocity (which includes both speed and direction) unless acted upon by a net external force. This law introduces the concept of inertia, which is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.
Here are key points to understand Newton's First Law:
Objects at Rest: If an object is at rest, it will stay at rest unless a force is applied to it. This force could set the object in motion.
Objects in Motion: If an object is already in motion, it will keep moving in the same direction and at the same speed unless a force acts on it. This force could either speed up, slow down, or change the direction of the object.
Inertia: Inertia is the property of matter that describes its resistance to changes in motion. The greater the mass of an object, the greater its inertia. This means that more force is required to change the motion of an object with greater mass.
Net External Force: The term "net external force" refers to the overall force acting on an object. If the forces acting on an object are balanced, it will maintain its current state of motion (which could be at rest or in constant motion). If there's an unbalanced force, it will cause a change in motion.
Equilibrium: When the net external force acting on an object is zero, the object is in a state of equilibrium. In this state, an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion continues moving at a constant velocity.
Newton’s First Law of Motion Example in Daily Life:
Let's explore an example:
Example: Car and Passengers
Imagine you are sitting in a car that is at rest, waiting at a traffic signal. According to Newton's First Law:
An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by a net external force.
In this scenario:
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Initial State:
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The car and its passengers are at rest, with zero velocity. The state of motion is stationary.
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No External Force:
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While waiting at the traffic signal, there is no external force acting on the car to set it in motion.
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Traffic Light Turns Green:
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When the traffic light turns green, signaling the driver to proceed, the driver applies force to the car's accelerator pedal. This force comes from the car's engine.
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What Is an External Force?
An external force is a force that originates from an object or source outside the system of interest. In the context of Newton's laws of motion and classical mechanics, when we talk about an external force, we refer to a force acting on an object that is not part of the object itself.
Here are key points about external forces:
Origin: External forces come from sources external to the object or system under consideration. These sources could be other objects, applied forces, or fields.
Effect on Motion: An external force can cause a change in the motion of an object. According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net external force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Balanced Forces: When external forces acting on an object are balanced (i.e., the vector sum of all forces is zero), the object may be at rest or moving with a constant velocity. In this case, there is no net force, and the object is in equilibrium.
Unbalanced Forces: If there is an unbalanced external force (a net force other than zero), it will result in acceleration or a change in the object's state of motion.
Examples: Examples of external forces include applied forces (e.g., pushing a car), gravitational forces (e.g., the force of Earth pulling an object downward), frictional forces, tension in a rope, and many others.
Difference Between Internal & External Force:
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SAMPLE PRACTICE QUESTIONS OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES :
Q1. What is Newton's First Law of Motion?
Answer: Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force.
Q2. What is the Principle of Inertia?
Answer: The Principle of Inertia, a key concept in Newton's First Law, states that objects tend to resist changes in their state of motion. Inertia is the property of an object to maintain its current state.
Q3. How Does Newton's First Law Apply to Objects at Rest?
Answer: If an object is at rest, it will stay at rest unless an external force is applied to set it in motion. The absence of a net force means the object remains stationary.
Q4. How Does Newton's First Law Apply to Objects in Motion?
Answer: If an object is already in motion, it will continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted upon by an external force. In the absence of a force, the object maintains its motion.
Q5. What is a Net External Force?
Answer: A net external force is the vector sum of all external forces acting on an object. If the net force is zero, the object's velocity remains constant, following Newton's First Law.
Class 11th CBSE Physics Chapters |
Chapter1: UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS |
Chapter2: MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE |
Chapter3: MOTION IN A PLANE |
Chapter4: LAWS OF MOTION |
> Introduction |
> Aristotle’s fallacy |
> The law of inertia |
> Newton’s second law of motion |
> Newton’s third law of motion |
> Conservation of momentum |
> Equilibrium of a particle |
> Common forces in mechanics |
> Circular motion |
> Solving problems in mechanics |
Chapter5: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER |
Chapter6: SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION |
Chapter7: GRAVITATION |
Chapter8: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS |
Chapter9: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS |
Chapter10: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER |
Chapter12: KINETIC THEORY |
Chapter13: OSCILLATIONS |
Chapter14: WAVES |
Class 11th CBSE Chemistry Chapters |
Chapter1: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY |
Chapter2: STRUCTURE OF ATOMS |
Chapter3: CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES |
Chapter4: CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE |
Chapter5: THERMODYNAMICS |
Chapter6: EQUILIBRIUM |
Chapter7: REDOX REACTIONS |
Chapter8: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - SOME BASIC PRINCIPLE AND TECHNIQUES |
Chapter9: Hydrocarbons HYDROCARBONS |
Class 11th CBSE Mathematics chapters |
Chapter1: SETS |
Chapter2: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS |
Chapter3: TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS |
Chapter4: COMPLEX NUMBER AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS |
Chapter5: LINEAR INEQUALITIES |
Chapter6: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS |
Chapter7: BINOMIAL THEOREM |
Chapter8: SEQUENCES AND SERIES |
Chapter9: STRAIGHT LINES |
Chapter10: CONIC SECTIONS |
Chapter11: INTRODUCTION TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY |
Chapter12: LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES |
Chapter13: STATISTICS |
Chapter14: PROBABILITY |
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