Introduction

Probability is the measurement of how likely an event is to happen. It quantifies the level of uncertainty related to outcomes and is represented as a value between 0 and 1. A probability of 0 indicates impossibility, while a probability of 1 suggests certainty.

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• 1- Sample Space: The sample space refers to all the possible outcomes of a random experiment.
• 2- Event: An event is a specific outcome or a group of outcomes within the sample space.
• 3- Probability of an Event: The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1 that indicates the chance of that event happening. A probability of 0 means the event is impossible, while a probability of 1 means it is certain.
• 4- Equally Likely Outcomes: If all outcomes in the sample space are equally likely, the probability of an event A can be calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes for A by the total number of outcomes.
• 5- Probability Distribution: A probability distribution assigns probabilities to each possible outcome in a sample space, indicating the likelihood of occurrence.
• 6- Independent Events: Two events A and B are independent if the probability of one event occurring does not affect the probability of the other event occurring. The probability of both independent events A and B happening is the product of their individual probabilities.
• 7- Mutually Exclusive Events: Two events A and B are mutually exclusive if they cannot happen simultaneously. If A and B are mutually exclusive, the probability of either A or B occurring is the sum of their individual probabilities.
• 8- Conditional Probability: Conditional probability measures the probability of event A occurring, given that event B has already occurred. It is denoted as P(A|B) and is calculated by dividing the probability of both A and B occurring by the probability of event B.
• 9- Complementary Event: The complementary event of an event A, denoted as A', is the event that A does not occur. The probability of the complementary event A' is equal to 1 minus the probability of A.

   

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