About Solutions (JEE Main, Class 11th)

What is Solutions ?

In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture comprising a solvent and one or more solutes. The solvent, present in greater quantity, dissolves the solutes, resulting in a uniform distribution at a molecular level. Solutions can be formed by dissolving solids in liquids, mixing two or more liquids, or dissolving gases in liquids or gases. The concentration of a solution measures the amount of solute relative to the solvent and can be expressed in different units. Solutions are extensively used in various branches of chemistry, playing a vital role in chemical reactions, laboratory work, and industrial processes across fields such as pharmaceuticals, environmental science, biochemistry, and materials science.

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Table of Content

1. Cause and Modes of chemical combination.

 2. Electrovalent bond.

3. Covalent bond.

 4. Co-ordinate covalent or dative bond.

5. Polarity of covalent bond.

 6. Dipole moment.

 7. Change of ionic character to covalent character and Fagan’s rule.

8. Quantum theory (Modern theory) of covalent bond and Overlapping.

9. Hybridization.

 10. Resonance.

11. Bond characteristics.

12. VSEPR (Valence shell electron pair repulsion) theory.

13. Molecular orbital theory.

14. Hydrogen bonding.

 15. Types of bonding and Forces in solids.