CBSE Class 10th Carbon and its Compounds Details & Preparations Downloads
Unlocking the secrets of chemistry is an exciting venture, especially when armed with the right tools. Today, we embark on a journey through the captivating world of "Carbon and its Compounds," a topic that forms a cornerstone in the CBSE NCERT curriculum. To accompany us on this educational odyssey, we encourage you to download the CBSE NCERT materials, ensuring a thorough and structured exploration of the intricate relationships within carbon-based chemistry. Let's delve into the mysteries of carbon, unraveling its significance and unveiling the compounds that shape the very essence of life. Prepare to be captivated by the elegance and complexity that lie within the molecular dance of carbon. So, dear learners, seize this opportunity to download your CBSE NCERT resources, and let's embark on a learning adventure like never before!
CBSE NCERT Download: Unraveling the Chemistry of Carbon and its Compounds
The Dance of Carbon
Carbon, with its atomic number 6 and symbol C, is a cornerstone of organic chemistry. Its unique ability to form a variety of compounds, both simple and complex, contributes to the diversity of life on our planet. Picture it as the ultimate choreographer orchestrating the dance of molecules.
Carbon's Dance Partners: Hydrocarbons
One of the simplest compounds involving carbon is hydrocarbons, composed solely of carbon and hydrogen. There are two main types: alkanes, which are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds, and alkenes, unsaturated hydrocarbons with double bonds. These hydrocarbons serve as the foundation for countless other compounds.
Life's Backbone: Organic Compounds
Moving beyond hydrocarbons, we encounter a vast array of organic compounds, where carbon teams up with other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids — the building blocks of life — all owe their existence to carbon's versatile nature.
1. Carbohydrates: The Energy Storehouses
Carbohydrates, such as glucose and starch, are essential energy sources for living organisms. Plants produce glucose through photosynthesis, and animals, in turn, consume these carbohydrates for fuel.
2. Lipids: Beyond Fats
Lipids, including fats and oils, are another group of carbon compounds vital for life. They not only store energy but also form the structural basis of cell membranes.
3. Proteins: The Architects of Life
Proteins, intricate structures made of amino acids, play a crucial role in the body. From enzymes that facilitate chemical reactions to antibodies defending against infections, proteins are the architects of life.
4. Nucleic Acids: The Information Keepers
Last but not least, nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information. These carbon-based molecules are the instruction manuals that guide the development and functioning of all living organisms.
The Carbon Cycle: Nature's Recycling System
As we explore the wonders of carbon compounds, it's crucial to acknowledge the carbon cycle. This natural process involves the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms, maintaining a delicate balance essential for life on Earth.
In conclusion, carbon and its compounds are the backbone of life, showcasing the elegance and complexity of the chemical world. As we continue to unravel the mysteries of carbon, we gain a deeper understanding of our existence and the interconnected web of life.
Covalent Bonding
Difficulty of Carbon to Form a Stable Ion
To achieve the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas, He, if the carbon atom loses four of its valence electrons, a huge amount of energy is involved. C4+ ion hence formed, will be highly unstable due to the presence of six protons and two electrons.
If the carbon atom gains four electrons to achieve the nearest electronic configuration of the noble gas, Ne, C4− ion will be formed. But again, a huge amount of energy is required. Moreover, in C4+ ions it is difficult for 6 protons to hold 10 electrons. Hence, to satisfy its tetravalency, carbon shares all four of its valence electrons and forms covalent bonds.
Ionic Bond
Ionic bonding involves the transfer of valence electron/s, primarily between a metal and a nonmetal. The electrostatic attractions between the oppositely charged ions hold the compound together.
Ionic compounds:
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Are usually crystalline solids (made of ions)
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Have high melting and boiling points
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Conduct electricity when melted
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Are mostly soluble in water and polar solvents
Covalent Bond
A covalent bond is formed when pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms. It is primarily formed between two same nonmetallic atoms or between nonmetallic atoms with similar electronegativity.
Single, Double and Triple Bonds and Their Strengths
A single bond is formed between two atoms when two electrons are shared between them, i.e., one electron from each participating atom.
It is depicted by a single line between the two atoms.
A double bond is formed between two atoms when four electrons are shared between them, i.e., one pair of electrons from each participating atom. It is depicted by double lines between the two atoms.
A triple bond is formed between two atoms when six electrons are shared between them, i.e., two pairs of electrons from each participating atom. It is depicted by triple lines between the two atoms.
Bond strength:
– The bond strength of a bond is determined by the amount of energy required to break a bond.
– The order of bond strengths when it comes to multiple bonds is: Triple bond>double bond>single bond
– This is to signify that the energy required to break three bonds is higher than that for two bonds or a single bond.
CBSE Class 10 NCERT Science Topics for a Strong Foundation (NCERT DOWNLOAD)
Chapter Name | Carbon and its Compounds |
Topic Number | Topics |
4.1 | Covalent Bonding in Carbon Compounds |
4.2 | Versatile nature of Carbon |
4.3 | Nomenclature of carbon Compounds |
4.4 | Differences Between Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons |
4.5 | Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid |
Versatile Nature of Carbon
Tetravalency and Catenation The fact that carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds demonstrate its versatility. It can also form chains, branching chains, and rings when joined to other carbon atoms.
Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and a few additional elements make up organic molecules. Organic compounds, on the other hand, are significantly more numerous than inorganic compounds that do not form bonds.
Carbon is a chemical element with the atomic number 6 and the symbol C. It’s a versatile element that can be found in a wide variety of chemical combinations. Carbon’s versatility is best appreciated through properties like tetravalency and catenation.
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Tetravalency: Carbon has a valency of four, so it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other mono-valent element.
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Catenation: The property of a carbon element due to which its atom can join one another to form long carbon chains is called catenation.
Mp, Bp and Electrical Conductivity
Covalent compounds:
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Are molecular compounds
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Are gases, liquids or solids
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Have weak intermolecular forces
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Have low melting and boiling points
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Are poor electrical conductors in all phases
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Are mostly soluble in nonpolar liquids
Allotropes of Carbon
– The phenomenon of the existence of the same element in different physical forms with similar chemical properties is known as allotropy.
– Some elements like carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, etc., exhibit this phenomenon.
– Crystalline allotropes of carbon include diamond, graphite and, fullerene.
– Amorphous allotropes of carbon include coal, coke, charcoal, lamp black and gas carbon.
CBSE Class 10 Board Exam Sample Paper
[Previous Year Question Solution Maths Download Button]
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CBSE CLASS 10 Mathematics Chapters |
Chapter1: Real Numbers |
Chapter2: Polynomials |
Chapter3: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables |
Chapter4: Quadratic Equations |
Chapter5: Arithmetic Progressions |
Chapter6: Triangles |
Chapter7: Coordinate Geometry |
Chapter8: Introduction to Trigonometry |
Chapter9: Some Applications of Trigonometry |
Chapter10: Circles |
Chapter11: Areas Related to Circles |
Chapter12: Surface Areas and Volumes |
Chapter13: Statistics |
Chapter14: Probability |
CBSE CLASS 10 Science Chapters |
Chapter1: Chemical Reactions and Equations |
Chapter2: Acids, Bases and Salts |
Chapter3: Metals and Non-metals |
Chapter4: Carbon and its Compounds |
Chapter5: Life Processes |
Chapter6: Control and Coordination |
Chapter7: How do Organisms Reproduce? |
Chapter8: Heredity |
Chapter9: Light – Reflection and Refraction |
Chapter10: The Human Eye and the Colourful World |
Chapter11: Electricity |
Chapter12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current |
Chapter13: Our Environment |
Class 8 |
Class 9 |
Class 11 |
Class 12 |
CBSE Class 10th Downloadable Resources:
1. CBSE Class 10th Topic Wise Summary | View Page / Download |
2. CBSE Class 10th NCERT Books | View Page / Download |
3. CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solutions | View Page / Download |
4. CBSE Class 10th Exemplar | View Page / Download |
5. CBSE Class 10th Previous Year Papers | View Page / Download |
6. CBSE Class 10th Sample Papers | View Page / Download |
7. CBSE Class 10th Question Bank | View Page / Download |
8. CBSE Class 10th Topic Wise Revision Notes | View Page / Download |
9. CBSE Class 10th Last Minutes Preparation Resources (LMP) | View Page / Download |
10. CBSE Class 10th Best Reference Books | View Page / Download |
11. CBSE Class 10th Formula Booklet | View Page / Download |
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FAQ
Q1. How does the concept of isomerism apply to carbon compounds?
Ans: Isomerism in carbon compounds arises due to different arrangements of atoms, leading to compounds with the same molecular formula but distinct structures and properties.
Q2. Discuss the role of carbon compounds in living organisms.
Ans: Carbon compounds, particularly biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, are essential for the structure and functioning of living organisms.
Q3. What is the greenhouse effect, and how do carbon compounds contribute to it?
Ans: The greenhouse effect is the trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere. Carbon compounds, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄), contribute to this effect by absorbing and re-emitting infrared radiation.
Q4. Name a few common air pollutants that contain carbon compounds.
Ans: Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are common air pollutants containing carbon compounds.
Q5. How are polymers related to carbon compounds?
Ans: Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating units called monomers. Many polymers, such as plastics and proteins, are based on carbon compounds.