Chemistry

• Chemistry Topics
Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry
• Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry
States of Matter
• Characteristic Properties of Solids
• Crystallography
• Study of Crystals
• Packing constituents in Crystals
• Mathematical analysis of Cubic system
• Crystal structures and Method of determinat..
• Experimental method of determining Crystal ..
• Defects or Imperfections in Solids
• Electrical, Magnetic and Dielectric Propert..
• Silicates
• Characteristics of gases
• Measurable properties of gases
• Boyle?s law
• Charle?s law
• Gay-Lussac?s Law (Amonton?s law)
• Avogadro?s law
• Ideal gas equation
• Dalton?s law of partial pressures
• Graham?s law of partial pressures
• Barometric distribution law
• Kinetic theory of gases
• Molecular collisions
• Molecular speeds or velocities
• Real and Ideal gases
• Vander Waal?s equation
• The critical state
• The principle of corresponding states
• Degrees of freedom of a gaseous molecule
• Specific and Molar heat capacity of gases
• Liquefaction of gases
Atomic Structure
• Significant figures
• Composition of atom
• Atomic number, Mass number and Atomic speci..
• Electromagnetic radiation?s
• Atomic spectrum- Hydrogen spectrum
• Thomson's model
• Rutherford's nuclear model
• Planck's Quantum theory and Photoelectric e..
• Bohr?s atomic model
• Bohr ? Sommerfeld?s model
• Dual nature of electron
• Heisenberg?s uncertainty principle
• Schr?dinger wave equation
• Quantum numbers and Shapes of orbitals
• Electronic configuration principles
• Electronic configurations of elements
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
• Cause and Modes of chemical combination
• Electrovalent bond
• Covalent bond
• Co-ordinate covalent or dative bond
• Polarity of covalent bond
• Dipole moment
• Change of ionic character to covalent chara..
• Quantum theory (Modern theory) of covalent ..
• Hybridization
• Resonance
• Bond characteristics
• VSEPR (Valence shell electron pair repulsio..
• Molecular orbital theory
• Hydrogen bonding
• Types of bonding and Forces in solids
Chemical Thermodynamics
• Basic terms of thermodynamics
• Internal energy, Heat and Work
• Zeroth law of thermodynamics
• First law of thermodynamics
• Enthalpy and Enthalpy change
• Specific and Molar heat capacity
• Expansion of an ideal gas
• Joule ? Thomson effect
• Spontaneous and Non-spontaneous processes
• Second law of thermodynamics
• Conversion of heat into work ? The Carnot c..
• Entropy and Entropy change
• Free energy and Free energy change
• Third law of thermodynamics
• Thermochemical equations
• Exothermic and Endothermic reactions
• Heat of reaction or Enthalpy of reaction
• Laws of thermochemistry
• Bond energy or Bond enthalpies
• Thermodynamics
Solutions
• Solubility
• Kinds of solutions
• Methods of expressing concentration of solu..
• Colligative properties
• Lowering of vapor pressure
• Ideal and Non-Ideal solution
• Azeotropic mixture
• Osmosis and Osmotic pressure of the solution
• Elevation in boiling point of the solvent (..
• Depression in freezing point of the solvent..
• Colligative properties of electrolytes
• Abnormal molecular masses
• Colligative properties of electrolytes.
Equilibrium
• Equilibrium and its dynamic nature
• Physical equilibrium
• Chemical equilibrium
• Reversible and Irreversible reactions
• Law of mass action
• Equilibrium constant
• Factors which change the State of Equilibri..
• Le-Chatelier?s Principle
• Applications of Le-Chatelier?s Principle
• Relation between vapor density and degree o..
Redox Reactions & Electrochemistry
• Redox Reaction
• Molecular and Ionic equations
• Oxidation ? Reduction and Redox reactions
• Oxidizing and Reducing agents (Oxidants & R..
• Oxidation number or Oxidation state
• Balancing of oxidation ? reduction reactions
• Autoxidation
• Disproportionation
• Important applications of Redox reactions
• Electrolytes and Electrolysis
• Faraday?s laws of electrolysis
• Metallic and Electrolytic conductors
• Electrolytic conduction
• Factors affecting the electrolytic conducta..
• Migration of ions
• Transport number or Transference number
• Kohlrausch?s law
• Electrochemical or Galvanic cell
• Some commercial cells (Batteries)
• Fuel cells
• Electrode potential
• Cell potential or EMF of the cell
• Nernst?s equation
• Relationship between cell potential, Gibbs ..
• Electrochemical series
• Corrosion
Chemical Kinetics
• Chemical reactions
• Rate of reaction
• Experimental methods of rate studies
• Factors affecting reaction rate
• Rate law, Law of mass action and Rate const..
• Order of reaction
• Methods for Determination of order
• Molecularity of reaction
• Theories of reaction rate
• Dependence of reaction rate on temperature
• Arrhenius equation and Calculation of activ..
• Mechanisms of the reaction
• Photochemical reactions
• Study of fast reactions
Surface Chemistry
• Adsorption
• Classification of adsorption
• Adsorption of gases on solids
• Adsorption isotherms
• Adsorption from Solutions
• Application of Adsorption
• Catalysis
• Types of catalysis
• Characteristics of catalysis
• Theories of catalysis
• Mechanism of surface reactions
• Enzyme catalysis
• Activity and selectivity
• Zeolite (Shape selective catalysis)
• Colloidal state
• Phases of colloids and their classification
• General methods of preparation of colloids
• Purification of colloidal solution
• Properties of colloidal solution
• Origin of the charge on colloidal particles
• Stability of sols
• Coagulation or Flocculation or Precipitation
• Protection of colloids and Gold number
• Emulsion
• Gels
• Application of colloids
Purification & Characterisation of Organic Compounds
• Purification and Characterization of organic
• Classification of organic compounds
• Nomenclature of organic compounds
• Classification of carbon atoms in organic
• Alkyl groups
• General rules for naming organic compounds
• IUPAC system of nomenclature of complex
• Compounds
• Bond-line notation of organic compounds
• Nomenclature of bicyclic compounds
• Nomenclature of spiro compounds
• Nomenclature of simple aromatic compounds
Hydrocarbons
• Sources of hydrocarbon
• Characteristics of hydrocarbon
• Alkanes (Paraffin?s)
• Individual members of alkanes
• Alkenes
• Alkynes
• Separation of alkane, alkene and alkyne
• Distinction between alkanes, alkenes and al..
• Cycloalkanes
• Cycloalkenes
• Dienes
Chemistry in Everyday Life
• Chemistry in Everyday Life
Principles Related to Practical Chemistry
• Principles Related to Practical Chemistry
Organic Compounds Containing Halogens
• Organic Compounds Containing Halogens
Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen
• Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
• Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
Alcohol, phenol & Ether
• Alcohal
• Phenol
• Ether
Organic Chemistry Principles
• Bonding in organic compounds
• Hybridization in organic compounds
• Dipole moment of organic compounds
• Steric effect
• Intermolecular forces
• Mechanism of organic reactions
• Electronic displacement in covalent bonds
• Cleavage (fission or breaking) of covalent ..
• Reaction intermediates
• Attacking reagents
• Types of organic reactions
• Isomerism
• Constitutional or structural isomerism
• Geometrical or cis-trans isomerism
• Optical isomerism
• Conformational isomerism
Biomolecules & Polymers
• Classification of polymers
• General method and mechanism of polymerizat..
• Rubber
• Some important polymer and their uses
• Biodegradable polymers
• Molecular masses of polymers
• Advance level information
• Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Polysaccharide (Starch and cellulose)
• Proteins and amino acids
• Nucleic acids
• Lipids
• Energy cycle or Metabolism
• Digestion of food
• Vitamins
• Hormones
Classification of Elements & Periodicity in Properties
• Earlier Attempt to Classify the Elements
• Modern Periodic Law and Modern Mendeleeff's..
• Extended or Long Form of Periodic Table
• Periodicity in Properties
• The Screening Effect or Shielding Effect
• Effective Nuclear Charge
• Atomic, Ionic and Van der Waal's Radii
• Ionization Potential or Ionization Energy
• 1 Electron Affinity
• Electronegativity
• Some Other Periodic Properties
• Diagonal Relationship
Hydrogen
• Hydrogen
S & P block Element
• Hydrogen and Its Compounds
• Alkali Metals and Their Compounds
• Alkaline Earth Metals and Their Compounds
• Boron Family
• Carbon Family
• Nitrogen Family
• Oxygen Family
• Halogen Family
• Noble gases
D & F - Block Elements
• D-Block Elements: Introduction
• Physico - Chemical Properties of d-Block El..
• Some Compounds of d-Block Elements
• Iron and Its Compounds
• Copper and Its Compounds
• Silver and Its compounds
• Gold and Its Compounds
• Mercury and Its Compounds
• Zincs and Its Compounds
• Tin and Lead
• Lanthanides and Actinides
Co-Ordination Compounds
• Double Salts and Co-ordination Compounds
• Terminology of Co-ordination Compounds
• IUPAC Nomenclature of Complex Compounds
• Isomerism in Co-ordination Compounds
• Bonding in Co-ordination Compounds
• Stability of Co-ordination Compound in Solu..
• Preparation and Application of Co-ordinatio..
• Organometallic Compounds
• Some Important Points
Environmental Chemistry
• Environmental Chemistry
General Principles & Processes of Isolation of Metals
• General Principles & Processes of Isolation..
JEE Chemistry Discussions
Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acid
• Introduction
• Classification, Structure, Nomenclature and..
• Preparation of carbonyl compounds
• Physical properties of carbonyl compounds
• Chemical properties of carbonyl compounds
• Test of aldehydes and ketones (Distinction)
• Some commercial important aliphatic carbony..
• Aromatic carbonyl compounds
Nuclear Chemistry
• Nuclear Chemistry
• Nucleus
• Radioactivity
• Theory of radioactive disintegration
• Group displacement law
• Rate of radioactive decay
• Half-life and Average life period
• Radioactive disintegration series
• Activity of population, Radioactive equilib..
• Artificial transmutation, synthetic or Tran..
• Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
• Isotopes, isobars, isotones, isodiaphers, i..
• Application of radioactivity and hazards of..
Atom & Molecules
• Significant figures
• Units for measurement
• Separation of mixtures or Purification of a..
• Laws of chemical combination
• Important hypothesis
• Atomic, Molecular and Equivalent masses
• The mole concept
• Percentage composition & Molecular formula
• Chemical equations and its balancing
• Chemical stoichiometry
• Limiting reagent or reactant
Redox Reaction
• Redox Reaction
• Molecular and Ionic equations
• Oxidation ? Reduction and Redox reactions
• Oxidizing and Reducing agents (Oxidants & R..
• Oxidation number or Oxidation state
• Balancing of oxidation ? reduction reactions
• Autoxidation
• Disproportionation
• Important applications of Redox reactions
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
• Sources of Arenes
• General characteristic of arenes
• Benzene (C6H6)
• Directive effect in substituted benzene der..
• Toluene, methyl benzene or phenyl methane
• Xylenes (Dimethyl benzene)
• Ethyl benzene (C6H5C2H5)
• Styrene (C6H5CH=CH2)
• Bi-phenyl (C6H5 ? C6H5)
• Diphenyl methane
• Polynuclear hydrocarbons
• Heterocyclic compounds
Halogen Derivatives
• General characteristics of Halo-Alkanes
• General methods of preparation of Alkyl Hal..
• Properties of Alkyl Halides
• Preparation and properties of dihalides
• Tri-halides (Chloroform and iodoform)
• Tetra-halides (Carbon tetrachloride, CCl4)
• Unsaturated halides (Halo-Alkene)
• Halo-Arenes
• Some more important halogen derivatives
• Organometallic compounds
Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives
• Classification, Structure, Nomenclature & I..
• Methods of preparation of monocarboxylic ac..
• Physical properties of monocarboxylic acids
• Acidic nature of monocarboxylic acids
• Chemical properties of monocarboxylic acids
• Individual members of monocarboxylic acids
• Dicarboxylic acids
• Unsaturated Dicarboxylic acids
• Higher fatty acids
• Substituted carboxylic acids
• Aromatic carboxylic acids
• Acid derivatives
Nitrogen Containing Compounds
• Alkyl nitrites and nitro alkanes
• Aromatic nitro compounds
• Cyanides and Isocyanides
• Amines
• Aniline
• Some important conversions
• Diazonium salts
Bio Molecules
• Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Polysaccharide (Starch and cellulose)
• Proteins and amino acids
• Nucleic acids
• Lipids
• Energy cycle or Metabolism
• Digestion of food
• Vitamins
• Hormones
Chemistry In Action
• Dyes
• Drugs and Chemotherapy
• Rocket propellant
• Chemical in cosmetics
• Chemicals in food
• Pheromones, Sex attractants
• Detergents
• New high performance materials
Extraction of Metals
• Occurrence of metals
• Metals in biology
• Mineral wealth of India
• Extraction of metals: Metallurgy
• Furnaces
• Refractory materials
• Alloys
Chemical Analysis
• Test for Different Gases
• Systematic Procedure for Qualitative Analys..